Epiphany, Day of the Kings

 

Every child knows that Christmas at one point had twelve days. The song says so. On the twelfth day of Christmas my true love gave to me…

 

But this begs two questions: 

 

First, what kind of true love sends their sweetheart a pear tree, five rings, 23 birds and 50 assorted pipers, percussionists, milk maids, ladies and leapin’ lords? What happened to flowers? 

 

And more important, what happened to the other eleven days?

 

The truth is, kids, that adults took away the first 11 days so they wouldn’t have to buy you more presents.

 

That’s what we thought once too.

 

No, actually December 25th is the first day of Christmas.

 

In the modern commercialized world of Christmas so much energy is focused on preparing exclusively for the first day that by the time the 26th rolls around many people are simply Christmas’d out. 

 

But for much of the Christian world, and throughout Western Christian history, the twelve days have begun on the night of December 25th and ended the day of January 6th. (…though the calendar varies for different Churches. Christmas in the Russian Orthodox Church, for example, doesn’t fall until January 7th.)

 

Today we tend to mark our holidays by calendar day–midnight to midnight–but these holidays were traditionally celebrated sunset to sunset. The famed “Twelfth Night” actually falls on the evening of January 5th, though calendars mark the Epiphany as January 6th. (Note: in the Asatru tradition Mother Night falls on December 20th and Twelfth Night falls on December 31st.)

 

 

THE EPIPHANY 

The Epiphany literally means ‘manifestation’ and marks the day the Three Wise Men, or Magi, encountered the Virgin Mary and the Baby Jesus. 

 

There are different theories as to the details surrounding the Magi mentioned in the Gospels. In fact no number is specified in the Bible, but the number three may have originated due to the three gifts bestowed upon Christ: gold, myrrh and frankincense. Matthew does not give clues to their origin, nationality, religion, or ethnicity either except to say they came “from the East” to Jerusalem. Hence they are referred to as the Three Kings of the Orient, although their rank is also supposition.

 

The three differing places of origin may have developed as a way of demonstrating the diversity of Christ’s influence.

 

The names attributed to the Magi vary from place to place. We can trace the names Gaspar (or Caspar), Melchior, and Balthasar to a 6th century Greek text.

 

One theory for their origin is that they were Zoroastrians. Zoroastrianism was one of the most common religions of Persia at the time, and its priests were astrologers, who were revered for their knowledge of the night sky. 

 

The Magi bestowed three gifts that represent:

 

Gold - royalty, for kings

Frankincense - piety, for priests

Myrrh - suffering, or painful death

 

and led to Mary’s oft-quoted spar “So who’s the Wise Guy who left the Myrrh?”

 

Over the next two millennia many of the European traditions associated with the winter solstice season merged with the twelve days of Christmas. For example, on Twelfth Night roles were often reversed, such as master and servant, a tradition stemming from the Roman Saturnalia.

 

Oh, and if you want to know what happens when you emulate the gifts of the 12 Days of Christmas go to http://www.cvc.org/christmas/12days.htm and scroll down.

 

But whatever you do, don’t give a baby myrrh. That’s just rude.

 

http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=47&chapter=2&version=31

http://www.novareinna.com/festive/twelfth.html

http://en.bibleinfo.com/questions/question.html?id=761

http://www.spcm.org/Journal/spip.php?breve6085

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Magi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas

http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=92855

http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/02/10/uk.magi.reut/index.html

http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/3wisemen.asp

Love’s Pure Light in Los Angeles

 

St James in the City has stood at its current location on Wilshire Boulevard since 1926. Which in California makes it ancient by Los Angeles standards. Its beautiful stained glass windows line the clerestory, the oldest of which dates back to the early ’30’s. It’s difficult to make out the vibrant colors at night, but as the Reverend Kowalewski swings the censer, smoke from the incense rises past the archways and white beams of light shine through the cathedral. 

 


St. James believes that “all persons are created equal in the eyes of God, deserve to be treated with dignity and respect, and have a full and equal claim to the love, acceptance and pastoral care of the Church and School.” They welcome “all people without regard to their race, gender, sexual orientation, economic or social circumstances.”

 

I was glad to hear this. I was afraid a “Jew Alarm” would go off the moment I entered the door. 

 

The first thing I see upon entering is a swastika. Lots of them, sculpted into the foundation.

 

But these swastikas at St. James adorned the church long before anyone on this side of the Atlantic ever heard of Hitler. The swastika was an ancient HIndu symbol that spread to China, Persia, and Europe. The term “swastika” comes from su meaning “good” and asti meaning “to be.” Literally “well-being.”

 

Native American cultures used the symbol in their weaving and crafts. Its prevalence in early 1900’s American design, particularly in the Southwest, comes its use by tribes like the Navajo and from swastikas found during Heinrich Schliemann’s excavation of Troy in the 1870s.

 

I find out soon enough that St. James is true to its mission statement. The “welcoming everybody” is not just PR. The congregation tonight, though a majority white, contains a mosaic of all races, as does the staff and choir. 

 

This is not an ordinary night for the church, my friend reminds me. “I’m here at this church every week,” she says, “and I don’t know ninety percent of the people here tonight.” Tonight there’s not an empty seat in the house.

 

When the choir begins to sing I understand why people choose to celebrate Christmas at St. James. The choir is second to none. Pitch perfect, beautiful harmony, bringing new life to old hymns. I can’t help but think of how 3rd century Christians would react to hearing this powerful choir backed by the booming Murry Harris organ (originally brought in from St. Paul’s Cathedral downtown).

 

“Do you feel like you’re in Rome?” asks my friend. I do. St. James is Episcopalian/Anglican, but reminds me of the catholic churches of Rome and Florence. I wonder though what would those 3rd century Christians say if they could see us? Would they recognize the service as being from their own faith? What would they consider pagan? Like the sculptures on either side of the alter. In Jesus’ time his followers had no idols.

 

What about the red tippet of the rector? How did the candle rituals of the alter girls in their white hooded albs come about? Even Jesus’ birth date itself, December 25, is widely believed to have been chosen to appease the Romans and Northern Europeans, who wouldn’t give up celebrating solstice around that time of year.

 

Christianity has adapted to different cultures across the globe like no other religion. And the Reverend Kowalewski acknowledges it:

 

It wasn’t until the late 4th century…that we first see Jesus of Nazareth depicted as emperor and king of the world. During this time, the emperor Constantine decided to legitimize the once persecuted Christian church by making Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire…

 

Kowalewski pointed out in a previous sermon a few weeks earlier…

 

“Instead of conforming himself to the image of the Christ, Constantine and his successors gave the Jesus of the Gospels a radical makeover. So beginning with this period, we now see Christ portrayed as sitting on a regal throne up in heaven, crown, orb, scepter, kingly vestments, surrounded by his court of angels and apostles, ruling over the cosmos and looking very much like the earthly emperor who has now become Christ’s vicar and representative down here.”

 

He continues:

 

“The problem is that, this depiction of Christ as emperor and king, which has prevailed over time, is such a radical distortion of the Jesus we meet in the gospels as to actually be somewhat ludicrous. As a matter of fact, when we meet Jesus in the Gospels we see that he deliberately and intentionally set himself against empires and emperors and kings. Everything Jesus stood for, everything he did and said radically opposed the brutal political systems of domination and empire.”

 

The complete sermon is at:

http://www.saintjamesla.org/default.aspx?id=48&subId=109&sermonId=95

 

 

 

Tonight the Reverend’s sermon is different. He starts off speaking about the General Store he went to as a kid. How you could buy anything you wanted there. “Food and clothes, tools and hardware…even a tractor.” And at Christmas time lights a plenty. He brought his sons back there one day to that General Store where he grew up. Only now the store seemed so much smaller than when he was a child. Could it really be the same shop?

 

And our relationship with God is sometimes like that. The world is so much bigger as a kid. Our relationship with God is strong. As we get older the mystery, the magic disappears. The distance between us and God grows. 

 

The Reverend points out, knocking the wood of the pulpit and the stone of the wall, that these things that seem so solid to our eyes and hands are actually swirling parts of near-infinite smallness which we are far from understanding. 

 

So, what if God is just the sum knowledge of what humanity can’t understand, which lessens day by day? If we understood everything in the world and universe, would there still be a need for God? 

 

I’m reminded of the Einstein quote: As the circle of light increases, so too does the circumference of darkness.

 

We will never have all the answers, for each answer brings more questions.

 

And at the end of the ceremony the choir marches down the center aisle with candles lit, and they stop at each pew to light the candles of those nearest to the aisle. And those people then light the candle of the person beside them and so on until every last person in each pew stands with a lit candle in hand, and then the whole congregation sings Silent Night.

 

Silent night, holy night,

All is calm, all is bright...

 

And I can’t help thinking about the little Sunday school girl who drew a picture of the birth of Jesus and showed it to her teacher. There in the drawing was the baby Jesus, and the Virgin Mary and Joseph, and the Three Wise Men, and for some strange reason a little fat man beside them. And the teacher asked, “But who is that?” And the little girl replied, “That’s round John Virgin. You know, Round John Virgin, Mother, and Child.”

 

Slowly the overhead lights dim and go out. But there is still light emanating from all of us. From each of our candles. As if the light of God that came from above, through the Rector, has now been passed to us. And now it was our turn to take that knowledge, that hope, that spirit, that light, and carry it out into the world. 

A-Wassailing in Santa Monica: Christmas Unitarian Style


Yesterday I attended Sunday services at the Unitarian Universalist Church in Santa Monica. It was a fitting city in which to attend a Unitarian service. Santa Monica is named of course for Saint Monica, patron saint of disappointed mothers and wayward children. She was the wife of Patritius–a pagan–and the mother of Augustine, who for most of his young life did not embrace Monica’s religion, and gave way to the temptations of many a young student of that era. His conversion at the age of 33 is retold in his work Confessions.”

 

The Unitarian Universalist Community Church of Santa Monica was founded way back in 1927. I didn’t realize that by 1920 the population of Santa Monica had reached 15,000. Up from 3000 twenty years prior. By 1930 it had reached 37,000–nearly half its current population.

 

On the wall of the church were banners all different religions. All these symbols coming together in a modest room, living harmoniously. Children sang many of the familiar songs of the season, although most of the songs chosen were not about Jesus directly.

 

Good King Wenseslas was sung and of course Here We Come A-Wassailing. I did not realize how many of the songs normally associated with Christmas refer more to wintertime celebration than to Jesus himself. One particularly haunting melody was a short three lines, round and round the world spins, talking about the cyclical nature of the seasons, and of all things. It had a distinctly Druidic feel. Indeed the symbol of the Church is not a cross, by a cross-shaped candle inside a circle:

The only problem with the song was that a screaming child in the back of the church made it difficult to hear, but I suppose the reminder of the babe’s presence only reinforced the cyclical theme and the reason we were gathered. For a babe whose first look at the world was from the inside of a barn.

 

In fact in Norwegian the very word for “children” is barn. I do not know if the nativity is the connection, but I do know “That blessed bairn so loving kind‘ is mentioned in the Scots Nativity, bairn referring to child, not the manger.

 

Many groups led the service, not one person, including children. One teen reminded the church that this time of year in ancient Rome was the Saturnalia, when masters and servants switched places for a day. (This is a good history tidbit to remind your boss of if you’re forced to work the holidays.)

 

The service was less “I am the Alpha and Omega,” and more about “We are the World,” all of us being united on this planet and being part of something larger and older than we could possibly imagine, a theme that is echoed throughout the Gospels.

 

It was the first time I paid attention to the lyrics Good King Wenseslas and Here We Come A-Wassailing. They are songs of charity. In the age of Who Would Jesus Bomb, we’re reminded Who Would He Feed and Who Would He Clothe?

 

The collection tin that went around was for Upward Bound House, a non-profit organization and and the only shelter in Santa Monica for children. It only goes to show the problems of Jesus’ time remain the same. 

 

We shared in wassail–also a Norse term (ves heill) that means Be Healthy–and joined in song.

 

We are not daily beggars, that beg from door to door,

But we are neighbors’ children whom you have seen before

 

Good master and good mistress, as you sit beside the fire

Pray think of us poor children who wander in the mire

 

Love and joy come to you,

And to you your wassail too,

And God bless you and send you a Happy New Year…

 

And God send you a Happy New Year.